Cytokine storm during coronavirus: why it develops and how dangerous it is

Cytokine storm is a reaction of the body, during which a large number of inflammatory mediators are released due to excessive activation of the immune system. As a result, the intensity of existing inflammatory processes increases several times, which leads to a significant deterioration of the human condition.

The described processes are often observed in patients with COVID-19. It is the cytokine storm that most often becomes the reason why, even despite the provision of medical care, patients are in serious condition. It often becomes the cause of high mortality.

It is possible to suspect the appearance of such a hyperergic reaction only through careful diagnosis. Even objective symptoms can only be correctly interpreted by a doctor, so you need to be attentive to your own condition. If you feel unwell, contact specialists who will prescribe the appropriate tests. They can be performed in private laboratories if desired. For example, take a PCR test in Kyiv you can at the Esculab laboratory. You will receive the result as soon as it is ready, and if necessary, you can go to the hospital. A positive coronavirus test is considered the first possible marker of a cytokine storm.

Symptoms of cytokine storm

Objective manifestations of the described reaction are associated with a sharp deterioration in the general condition. They include:

• respiratory disorders - increased respiratory rate, shortness of breath, feeling of lack of air, breathing becomes noisy;
• cough, which is provoked by damage to the mucous membrane and inflammation in the interstitial tissue of the lungs;
• persistent increase in body temperature (sometimes to febrile figures), which cannot be corrected by the use of tablet medications;
• general disorders - depression of consciousness, severe headache, dizziness due to hypoxia;
• body aches, pains in muscles and joints.

The most dangerous manifestation at the peak of cytokine storm development is acute respiratory distress syndrome with the subsequent development of respiratory failure. If help is not provided before this stage, the patient will require artificial ventilation of the lungs.

Changes during diagnosis

To diagnose cytokine storm, doctors prescribe a number of tests in addition to a test for coronavirus infection:

1. Biochemical analysis. Indicators of kidney and liver damage increase - hepatic transaminases, bilirubin, urea, creatinine.
2. Blood pH test: Acidosis is noted.
3. Coagulogram. Increased thrombus formation.
4. Blood test for cytokines. Their record concentrations are detected.
5. Computed tomography. Affected areas of the lungs are characterized as "ground glass."

Such changes are considered a reason for immediate hospitalization and medical care.